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The following two papers originate from the first part of a larger and still ongoing project on the „Societal Determinants of Political Integration and Fragmentation in the OECD Countries“. As they rely on the same conceptual and empirical basis we have decided to put them together. In the first part of this project we asked whether there is a correlation between societal denationalization and political denationalization. We started out from the assumption that societal denationalization commenced in the seventies and that it has taken on a new quality if compared to earlier internationalization processes. With a certain time lag societal denationalization, so we assumed, will lead to political denationalization manifesting itself in both integrative and fragmentative tendencies. In order to gauge the extent of those macro-trends we developed indicators and gathered the relevant data. The conceptual framework and the empirical results of 72 indicators for societal and political denationalization as well as for a related trend (individualization) will be published in Marianne Beisheim, Sabine Dreher, Gregor Walter, Bernhard Zangl und Michael Zürn: Im Zeitalter der Globalisierung? Thesen und Daten zur gesellschaftlichen und politischen Denationalisierung, Baden-Baden: Nomos (January 1998). Both working papers use these conceptual foundations and data in order to discuss two important aspects of the larger theme: The first paper by Gregor Walter, Sabine Dreher and Marianne Beisheim takes up the neglected arguments of the globalization skeptics and asks to what extent, when and where globalization (societal denationalization in our terminology) really occurred. The second paper asks to what degree societal denationalization has been matched by the rise of international institutions and thus whether international institutions actually meet the demand for governance beyond the nation-state that has been created by societal denationalization. Since both arguments use in part the same data, the corresponding tables and figures are documented in a joint appendix.

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