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High mineral and energy commodity prices shook world commodity markets from 2003 to 2008. Taking three case study countries as examples, this paper shows that sub-Saharan African countries collected only relatively low tax revenues from the extractive sector, unlike such classical mining countries as Australia. Corruption and patronage in the granting of concessions and in tax administration cause low implicit tax rates. Poor conditions impede investments in downstream processing industries and additional production. As a consequence, sales revenues and hence the tax base are relatively lower than in Australia, for example. We present estimates of potential tax revenues for the three case study countries and for sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. Applying Australia’s implicit tax rate to sub-Saharan Africa’s sales revenues, tax revenues in sub-Saharan Africa could have been equivalent to 35 per cent of official development assistance (ODA) from 2003 to 2008. Finally, we suggest some policy options for resource-rich countries and donor countries that may enable tax revenues to be acquired from the extractive sector in the long term.

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